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How to Start Export Business in Nigeria

Nigeria is a land of vast natural resources and agricultural wealth, making it one of the top sourcing hubs for many high-demand global commodities. Products like ginger, sesame seeds, shea butter, cocoa, charcoal, and cashew nuts are consistently sought after in international markets such as Europe, North America, the Middle East, and Asia.

These items are not only readily available in Nigeria, but many are grown organically—an added advantage for global buyers seeking premium products.

In recent years, there’s been a rising interest among Nigerians, particularly young entrepreneurs, to explore non-oil export opportunities. The devaluation of the naira and the desire to earn in foreign currencies like USD, GBP, and Euros have further pushed this interest.

Exporting from Nigeria presents a great opportunity to diversify income, reach broader markets, and contribute to national economic growth. With the right knowledge and strategy, even small businesses and farmers can access international buyers and scale their operations globally.

The Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC), along with other regulatory bodies, has also introduced easier channels and incentives to help local exporters succeed.

Platforms like the Export Expansion Facility Programme (EEFP), One State One Product initiative, and Zero Oil Plan are clear examples of the government’s efforts to encourage non-oil exports.

However, success in the export business requires a clear understanding of market demand, documentation, logistics, compliance, and product quality. This is why starting with the right guide is crucial.

This step-by-step guide will walk you through everything you need to know about how to start a successful export business in Nigeria in 2025—from identifying profitable export products, meeting international standards, getting the required licenses, to connecting with foreign buyers and shipping your goods properly.

Whether you’re a new entrepreneur, an investor looking to diversify, or a farmer ready to scale up, this guide will provide actionable insights tailored for Nigeria’s current business climate.

Benefits of Starting an Export Business in Nigeria

Venturing into the export business in Nigeria offers numerous benefits that make it one of the most promising paths for entrepreneurs and investors in 2025. As the global demand for Nigerian agricultural and solid mineral products continues to rise, local businesses can now tap into international markets and build sustainable income streams.

Here are the key benefits of starting an export business in Nigeria:

1. Earn in Foreign Currency (USD, GBP, or Euros)

One of the biggest advantages of exporting is the opportunity to earn in strong foreign currencies such as US Dollars, British Pounds, and Euros. With the continued depreciation of the naira, this allows Nigerian exporters to enjoy better purchasing power, increased profit margins, and financial stability.

Export earnings in foreign currency can also be reinvested to scale the business or serve as a hedge against local inflation.

2. Access to Larger Global Markets

The local Nigerian market is often limited by low consumer spending and economic challenges. Exporting opens the door to millions of potential buyers across Europe, North America, Asia, and the Middle East.

These international markets have a higher demand for quality agricultural products, solid minerals, and other non-oil goods. By expanding globally, Nigerian exporters can diversify their customer base and reduce the risks associated with local market fluctuations.

3. Leverage Nigeria’s Trade Agreements

Nigeria is part of several key international trade agreements that offer duty-free or preferential access to foreign markets. For example:

  • AfCFTA (African Continental Free Trade Area) allows exporters to trade across African countries with reduced tariffs.

  • AGOA (African Growth and Opportunity Act) provides Nigerian exporters access to U.S. markets for selected goods without import duties.
    These agreements make Nigerian exports more competitive and attractive globally.

4. Low Competition in Niche Export Sectors

There are still untapped niches in the export space such as organic agricultural products, solid minerals (like lithium and lead), and specialty herbs.

Unlike the saturated local market, many of these niche export segments face less competition, allowing smart entrepreneurs to dominate early and establish strong business relationships with international buyers.

In summary, starting an export business in Nigeria in 2025 is a smart move for anyone looking to build a sustainable, foreign-earning business with global reach.

Steps to Start Export Business in Nigeria (2025 Guide)

Starting an export business in Nigeria requires careful planning, compliance, and strategic execution. Below are the key steps to follow if you want to build a legal and profitable export business in 2025:

Step 1: Choose Your Export Product

Begin by selecting the right product to export. Focus on non-oil commodities with high international demand, such as:

  • Agricultural produce: ginger, cashew nuts, cocoa, sesame seeds, hibiscus flowers

  • Solid minerals: charcoal, lead, zinc

  • Processed goods: shea butter, African black soap

Ensure your product is abundant in Nigeria, has consistent quality, and is in demand overseas. Use NEPC’s product list or tools like Google Trends to validate demand.

Step 2: Register Your Business

To operate legally and access financial or trade support, you must register your business with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC). After registration:

  • Open a corporate bank account in your business name

  • Obtain a Tax Identification Number (TIN) from the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS)

This registration gives your business legitimacy and helps build trust with buyers and partners.

Step 3: Register with NEPC

Go to nepc.gov.ng to register with the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC). Once approved, you’ll receive a Registered Exporter’s Certificate—a compulsory license for all exporters in Nigeria. It’s valid for two years and renewable.

Step 4: Conduct Market Research

Use platforms like Alibaba, Export.gov, and Trade Map to research:

  • Countries with high demand for your product

  • Export pricing and seasonal trends

  • Quality specifications and competitor analysis

Proper research helps you target the right markets and avoid costly mistakes.

Step 5: Set Up Logistics and Shipping

Decide whether to ship via air, sea, or land, depending on cost, speed, and buyer preference. Partner with:

  • Freight forwarders

  • Clearing agents

  • Shipping companies

Ensure your packaging is export-compliant—strong, moisture-proof, and labeled correctly.

Step 6: Get Quality Certifications

Depending on your product, obtain quality and compliance certifications such as:

  • NAFDAC (for food and cosmetics)

  • SON (Standards Organization of Nigeria)

  • Phytosanitary Certificate (for plants/agricultural goods)

  • Quarantine or Mineral Export Certificate

These boost buyer confidence and prevent product rejection at borders.

Step 7: Find International Buyers

Connect with global buyers using:

  • B2B platforms: Alibaba, ExportersIndia, Tradekey

  • NEPC trade missions and WhatsApp groups

  • LinkedIn, online forums, and trade fairs

You can also work with certified export agents for easier access to ready markets.

Step 8: Secure Payment and Handle Documentation

Use safe and traceable payment methods like:

  • Letter of Credit (LC)

  • Advance payment

  • Telegraphic (bank) transfer

Also prepare your export documentation:

  • Commercial invoice

  • Bill of lading or airway bill

  • Packing list

  • Export permit and certificate of origin (if required)

Following these steps carefully ensures that your export business is structured, compliant, and ready for long-term growth in 2025 and beyond.

Tips for First-Time Exporters in Nigeria (2025)

Starting an export business in Nigeria can be highly rewarding, but like any business venture, it comes with risks—especially for first-timers. To avoid costly mistakes and build a strong foundation, here are some practical tips every first-time exporter in Nigeria should follow in 2025:

1. Start Small with Trial Orders

As a beginner, it’s wise to start with small or sample shipments rather than rushing into bulk exports. Trial orders allow you to:

  • Understand the export process from logistics to documentation

  • Test international market response and buyer satisfaction

  • Minimize financial risks if something goes wrong

Many new exporters lose money by taking on large orders without experience. Starting small helps you learn and grow sustainably.

2. Avoid Scams by Verifying Buyers

Unfortunately, the export industry is not free from fraudulent buyers, middlemen, and agents. Before entering any business transaction:

  • Verify the buyer’s identity through LinkedIn, company websites, or chambers of commerce

  • Conduct background checks using tools like Google reverse search or company registration databases

  • Ask for a Letter of Intent (LOI) or Purchase Order (PO) before shipping

  • Use trusted B2B platforms like Alibaba with verified sellers and buyer protection

Never fall for deals that look too good to be true or involve upfront payments to unknown parties.

3. Always Use Legal Contracts

A written contract or sales agreement is crucial in international trade. It should clearly spell out:

  • Product specifications and quantity

  • Price and currency

  • Shipping terms (Incoterms like FOB or CIF)

  • Payment terms and timelines

  • Dispute resolution process

Working without a contract increases your chances of getting scammed or facing disagreements you can’t legally resolve.

4. Stay Updated with Export Regulations

Export regulations and documentation requirements often change. As an exporter, you must:

  • Stay updated with the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC)

  • Follow product-specific standards from NAFDAC, SON, and Quarantine Services

  • Understand the documentation and labeling requirements of your target country

Ignorance of regulations can lead to border rejection, loss of goods, or legal issues abroad.

In summary, take your time to build trust, follow due process, and educate yourself. These simple tips can save you from financial loss and set you on the right path to building a profitable export business from Nigeria.

Conclusion: Start Your Export Journey from Nigeria Today

Starting an export business in Nigeria is not only possible—it’s highly profitable when done right. With Nigeria’s abundance of in-demand products like ginger, sesame seeds, cocoa, charcoal, and shea butter, there’s no shortage of opportunities for entrepreneurs to earn in foreign currency and access global markets.

The key to success lies in choosing the right product, registering your business legally, and building trust with genuine international buyers. Whether you are exporting agricultural produce, solid minerals, or processed goods, ensure that your products meet international quality standards and that you follow all compliance requirements set by bodies like NEPC, NAFDAC, SON, and Quarantine Services.

Remember, export business is not just about shipping products; it’s about building long-term relationships, maintaining a consistent quality supply, and staying up to date with global trade practices. Starting small and learning the ropes step-by-step can help you scale without major risks.

Also, don’t underestimate the value of networking—join NEPC trade events, WhatsApp export groups, and LinkedIn communities where you can connect with experienced exporters, buyers, and logistics partners.

Whether you’re targeting Europe, Asia, or Africa, now is the best time to start your export journey from Nigeria. The world is waiting for quality Nigerian products—take the first step today and position yourself for long-term success in the global marketplace.

FAQs

How do I start an export business in Nigeria?

Starting an export business in Nigeria requires careful planning, legal compliance, and a good understanding of both the Nigerian market and international demand. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you launch successfully:

  1. Choose your export product: Start by identifying a product that is in demand internationally. Popular Nigerian export items include agricultural products like ginger, sesame seeds, hibiscus flowers, cocoa, shea butter, and cashew nuts.

  2. Conduct market research: Understand the international market you want to export to. Research trade regulations, import policies of the destination country, pricing, and demand trends.

  3. Register your business with CAC: You must register your business with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) as a Limited Liability Company or Business Name. This step legalizes your operations.

  4. Register with NEPC: The Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC) is the government agency responsible for export registration. You need an export license from NEPC to begin exporting officially.

  5. Get the necessary licenses and documentation: Besides the NEPC certificate, you’ll need other documents like a tax identification number (TIN), export contracts, commercial invoices, and phytosanitary or fumigation certificates (depending on the product).

  6. Set up your logistics and packaging: Work with a freight forwarding company to handle shipment logistics. Packaging must meet international standards—clean, durable, and compliant with customs requirements.

  7. Choose your mode of export: You can export through air or sea, depending on the product and urgency. Sea freight is common for bulk exports, while air freight is ideal for perishable goods.

  8. Market and network: Use online B2B platforms like Alibaba, Tradekey, or ExportHub to connect with foreign buyers. Also, attend international trade expos or connect through export aggregators in Nigeria.

  9. Secure financing: Consider getting export financing from the Bank of Industry (BOI) or the Nigerian Export-Import Bank (NEXIM).

Exporting from Nigeria is profitable if done with the right knowledge, quality assurance, and legal structure.

How much is an export licence in Nigeria?

The cost of obtaining an export license in Nigeria is relatively affordable and managed primarily through the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC). As of 2025, here is a breakdown of what it takes:

  1. NEPC Registration Fee:

    • Small or Medium Enterprise (SME): ₦13,500

    • Large Corporate Entity: ₦25,000

  2. Annual Renewal Fee (optional): Although NEPC licenses do not expire, exporters are encouraged to keep their information updated. Some states or sector-specific bodies may request periodic verification, which could cost additional minor fees (₦5,000–₦10,000).

  3. Supporting Costs:

    • Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) registration: ₦25,000–₦50,000 depending on business type.

    • Tax Identification Number (TIN): Issued free by the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) but may attract processing fees via agents (₦2,000–₦5,000).

    • Bank account setup with export code: Usually free but requires documentation.

So, the total estimated cost to get started with a proper export license ranges from ₦40,000 to ₦80,000, depending on whether you’re starting as an individual SME or a full corporate enterprise.

Remember, this license from NEPC is valid for life unless your business details change. It’s a one-time registration, and you’ll receive a NEPC Certificate of Export Registration, which is compulsory for clearing goods through customs.

Also, to export specific items like food or agricultural products, you might need additional licenses or certifications from:

  • NAFDAC (for processed food items)

  • Nigerian Agricultural Quarantine Service (NAQS)

  • SON (Standards Organization of Nigeria)

In summary, an export license in Nigeria is affordable, straightforward, and essential. Always ensure you’re using NEPC’s official portal (www.nepc.gov.ng) to avoid scams.

Which export business is most profitable?

In Nigeria, export businesses that center on agricultural commodities and solid minerals are among the most profitable in 2025. Here are some of the top profitable export ventures:

  1. Ginger Export
    Nigeria is one of the world’s top producers of ginger. The demand from India, the Middle East, and Europe is massive. Ginger has a strong international market and yields high profit margins when exported in dried or powdered form.

  2. Sesame Seeds
    Nigeria is the largest producer of sesame seeds in Africa. Countries like Japan, China, and Turkey import large quantities of sesame seeds for oil production and food industries. A 20ft container of sesame seeds can fetch thousands of dollars.

  3. Charcoal Export
    Hardwood charcoal is in high demand in Europe, especially for grilling and heating. Nigeria’s abundance of hardwood makes charcoal export a low-investment, high-return business if environmental regulations are followed.

  4. Cashew Nuts
    Raw and processed cashew exports to India and Vietnam remain highly profitable. Nigerian cashews are among the most sought after due to their size and oil content.

  5. Cocoa and Cocoa Butter
    Nigeria exports cocoa to the Netherlands, Germany, and the USA. Cocoa butter, in particular, is in demand in the cosmetics and confectionery industry.

  6. Solid Minerals (e.g. Zinc, Lead, Lithium, Gold)
    If you have access to mining licenses, solid mineral export is a goldmine—literally. It requires more capital but has one of the highest profit margins in Nigerian exports.

In conclusion, the most profitable export businesses in Nigeria in 2025 are those dealing in agricultural commodities (like ginger and sesame) and non-oil solid minerals. However, your success depends on sourcing quality products, maintaining compliance, and targeting high-demand countries.

What is the best product to export from Nigeria?

The best product to export from Nigeria depends on global demand, ease of sourcing, regulatory requirements, and your capital. However, as of 2025, agricultural commodities top the list due to their accessibility, high demand, and profitability. Here are a few of the best products:

  1. Sesame Seeds:
    Nigeria ranks among the top global producers of sesame seeds. The demand for sesame seeds is rising in countries like Japan, China, Turkey, and the UAE. It is used in producing oil, tahini, and bakery items. With minimal processing and high returns, this is one of the most attractive export items.

  2. Ginger:
    Nigerian ginger is known for its pungency and high oil content. It’s exported in dried or powdered form and is in high demand in India, Saudi Arabia, the UK, and the U.S. Ginger’s global use in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries makes it a lucrative option.

  3. Cashew Nuts:
    Cashew exports—both raw and processed—are profitable due to consistent international demand, particularly from Vietnam, India, and the UAE. Exporters can earn more by processing and packaging the nuts locally.

  4. Charcoal:
    Hardwood charcoal, when properly packaged, is in demand in Europe, especially in Germany, Belgium, and Poland. It’s used for barbecuing and heating, and requires low investment compared to other products.

  5. Hibiscus Flowers (Zobo):
    This colorful flower is exported mainly to Mexico and Europe. It’s used in making teas, cosmetics, and herbal supplements. The profit margin is high, and it’s easy to cultivate in Northern Nigeria.

  6. Shea Butter:
    Shea butter from Nigeria is exported in large quantities to cosmetic manufacturers in the U.S., UK, and France. It requires some basic processing but commands a good market price globally.

  7. Cocoa:
    Cocoa beans and processed cocoa butter are valuable exports, especially to countries like the Netherlands, Germany, and the USA.

In conclusion, the best product to export from Nigeria in 2025 is one that combines high demand, low risk, and sustainable sourcing. Currently, sesame seeds, ginger, and cashew nuts stand out as top contenders.

Which product is best for export?

The best export product varies depending on your capital, market understanding, and logistics capabilities. However, in Nigeria’s 2025 export climate, agricultural commodities and natural products remain the most viable and profitable. Here’s a breakdown:

  1. Top Agricultural Exports:

    • Sesame Seeds: These are easy to source and highly profitable. Exporters can generate millions in revenue annually with bulk shipments to Asia and the Middle East.

    • Ginger: With its strong flavor profile and medicinal uses, ginger is one of the best products Nigeria offers to the world.

    • Cashew Nuts: Raw cashews can be exported to Asia, while processed cashews attract higher profits in the West.

  2. Solid Minerals:

    • If you have access to mining licenses, minerals like lithium, zinc, and gold are very profitable. However, these require higher capital and technical knowledge.

  3. Food Products (Processed & Packaged):

    • Products like garri, dried pepper, smoked fish, beans flour, and palm oil are in high demand among Nigerians in the diaspora. These can be exported to the U.S., Canada, and the UK in well-sealed, certified packages.

  4. Shea Butter and Hibiscus Flower:

    • These are sought after in the cosmetic and beverage industries respectively. Organic certification or NAFDAC approval helps improve your export opportunities.

The best export product will depend on:

  • International demand

  • Ease of sourcing locally

  • Cost of packaging and logistics

  • Export regulations and required licenses

So, while there’s no single “best” product for every exporter, in 2025, ginger, sesame seeds, and processed foodstuffs are leading the pack due to global demand and minimal entry barriers.

What are the documents required for export in Nigeria?

To legally export goods from Nigeria in 2025, there are key documents you must obtain to comply with government regulations and facilitate international trade. These documents not only smooth customs clearance but also build credibility with international buyers.

Here’s a list of the main documents:

  1. Certificate of Incorporation:
    Issued by the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC). This proves that your export business is legally registered.

  2. Tax Identification Number (TIN):
    Obtained from the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), it’s mandatory for all business transactions, including exports.

  3. NEPC Exporter’s Certificate:
    This is issued by the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC) and is mandatory for any export business. It costs ₦13,500–₦25,000.

  4. Proforma Invoice:
    This is a quotation that gives the buyer a breakdown of the goods, pricing, and terms of trade.

  5. Commercial Invoice:
    This serves as a final bill to the buyer and includes details of the transaction, such as quantity, value, HS codes, and payment terms.

  6. Packing List:
    Shows how goods are packed and arranged for shipping.

  7. Bill of Lading (or Airway Bill):
    Issued by the shipping or freight company, this is proof of shipment. It is required for customs and the buyer.

  8. Form NXP:
    This is an export declaration form issued by your bank and processed through the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). It ensures all exports are monitored financially.

  9. SONCAP Certificate:
    Required from the Standards Organisation of Nigeria for regulated products to ensure quality.

  10. Fumigation or Phytosanitary Certificate:
    Required for agricultural exports, this proves the products are pest-free and safe for consumption.

  11. Insurance Certificate:
    Shows that the goods are insured during shipment, especially for large exports.

These documents are critical in 2025 and are required by Nigerian Customs and foreign buyers for every successful export transaction.

What is the minimum investment to start an export business?

The minimum investment to start an export business in Nigeria depends on the type of products you want to export, the scale of your operations, and the markets you’re targeting.

However, as of 2025, a small-scale export business can be started with a minimum of ₦500,000 to ₦2 million, while a medium-scale operation may require ₦5 million or more.

Here’s a breakdown of potential startup costs:

  1. Business Registration:

    • CAC Registration: ₦25,000–₦50,000 depending on structure.

    • TIN Registration: Free but processing agents may charge ₦2,000–₦5,000.

  2. Export License (NEPC Certificate):

    • ₦13,500 for SMEs

    • ₦25,000 for large companies

  3. Product Sourcing and Purchase:

    • The bulk of your investment goes here. For example:

      • 1 metric ton of dried ginger: ₦250,000–₦400,000

      • 1 ton of sesame seeds: ₦400,000–₦600,000

  4. Packaging and Labeling:

    • ₦50,000–₦200,000 depending on quality and international standards.

  5. Logistics (Local Transport and Shipping):

    • Inland haulage (to ports): ₦50,000–₦150,000

    • International shipping (per cubic meter): ₦300,000–₦700,000 depending on destination.

  6. Export Documentation and Inspection:

    • ₦20,000–₦100,000 for phytosanitary certificates, fumigation, and NAFDAC/SONCAP (if required).

  7. Freight Forwarder or Clearing Agent Fees:

    • ₦50,000–₦150,000 depending on volume and route.

  8. Miscellaneous/Contingency:

    • At least ₦50,000 should be set aside.

For a lean start, you can reduce risk by starting with small sample exports (under 1 ton) using air cargo, especially for foodstuffs or test shipments.

In summary, you can start small with ₦500k–₦1m for basic agricultural items (e.g., zobo, dried pepper, ogbono) and scale as you gain experience. The key is to build gradually, manage quality, and maintain compliance.

Who issues an export license in Nigeria?

In Nigeria, the official body responsible for issuing export licenses is the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC). Established under the NEPC Act Cap N108 LFN 2004, the agency operates under the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment.

The NEPC Export Certificate is mandatory for any company or individual looking to export products legally from Nigeria. This license is known as the Certificate of Export Registration and confirms that your business is registered as an exporter with the Nigerian government.

Here’s how it works in 2025:

  1. Application Process:

    • You must first register your business with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC).

    • Then, apply on the official NEPC portal (www.nepc.gov.ng).

    • Provide your CAC documents, TIN, passport photograph, and corporate details.

  2. Cost of Registration:

    • ₦13,500 for SMEs

    • ₦25,000 for large businesses

  3. Validity:

    • The export certificate does not expire but requires regular profile updates if company information changes.

  4. Why NEPC Matters:

    • NEPC also supports exporters with training, market intelligence, and participation in international trade fairs.

    • Without the NEPC certificate, you cannot access Form NXP, which is essential for international trade through Nigerian banks and customs.

  5. Additional Licenses:

    • Depending on your export product, you may also need:

      • NAFDAC approval (for food or drugs)

      • SONCAP (for regulated items)

      • Phytosanitary or fumigation certificates (for agricultural goods)

In short, the NEPC is the only government body in Nigeria authorized to issue export licenses, and their certificate is your first step to becoming a legal exporter.

Which export provides most of Nigeria’s income?

As of 2025, crude oil remains the top export that provides most of Nigeria’s foreign income, although diversification efforts are gradually shifting focus toward non-oil exports like agriculture and minerals.

Here’s a breakdown:

  1. Crude Oil (Petroleum):

    • Nigeria is the largest oil producer in Africa and a major exporter globally.

    • Crude oil contributes over 70% of Nigeria’s export revenue and about 50% of government income.

    • Major export destinations include India, the Netherlands, Spain, and China.

  2. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG):

    • Nigeria is also among the top exporters of LNG worldwide.

    • LNG exports generate billions in foreign exchange, with Europe and Asia being major importers.

  3. Other Key Exports:

    • Cocoa, sesame seeds, cashew nuts, and rubber are growing in importance, but none yet rival oil.

    • In 2024, the non-oil export sector brought in over $5 billion—but oil still dominates with annual revenues exceeding $40 billion.

  4. Government Diversification Drive:

    • Through policies from the NEPC and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), there’s a push for growth in agriculture and solid minerals.

    • The “Zero Oil Plan” aims to reduce oil dependency, with targets to increase earnings from non-oil exports like leather, textiles, and agro-products.

In summary, while agricultural exports are rising, crude oil remains the top contributor to Nigeria’s export income in 2025. However, the future is moving toward more diversified export revenue streams.

How do I open an export company?

Opening an export company in Nigeria involves a few legal and administrative steps, all of which are necessary to operate within the country’s export regulation framework. Here’s a step-by-step guide for 2025:

  1. Register Your Business with CAC:

    • Visit the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) website or office to register as a business name or limited liability company.

    • A business name is cheaper, but a limited liability company offers more credibility in international trade.

  2. Obtain a Tax Identification Number (TIN):

    • Visit the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) to register and receive your TIN. This is essential for opening a corporate bank account and other registrations.

  3. Open a Corporate Bank Account:

    • Use your CAC and TIN documents to open a bank account in your business name. You’ll later need this to obtain your NXP form.

  4. Register with the NEPC:

    • Go to www.nepc.gov.ng to register and obtain your Certificate of Exporter Registration.

    • Cost: ₦13,500–₦25,000

    • Required documents: CAC certificate, TIN, passport photo, application form.

  5. Set Up Logistics & Supply Chain:

    • Identify suppliers or farmers if you’re exporting agricultural goods.

    • Partner with logistics companies, freight forwarders, and customs agents for shipping.

  6. Identify Your Export Product and Market:

    • Research which product is in demand globally.

    • Use export directories, Alibaba, TradeKey, or NEPC platforms to find foreign buyers.

  7. Meet Packaging and Certification Requirements:

    • For food and agricultural exports, ensure you meet NAFDAC, SON, or NAQS standards.

  8. Get Form NXP From Your Bank:

    • This is mandatory for every export transaction and must be submitted before shipping your goods.

Starting an export company is a profitable venture if you stay compliant and understand the global market. Nigeria’s rich resources and growing trade support make 2025 a great time to get started.

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What food is exported from Nigeria?

Nigeria exports a wide range of food products, primarily agricultural commodities, to countries in Europe, Asia, and North America. These foods are either raw, semi-processed, or fully processed, and they cater both to the general global market and the Nigerian diaspora abroad.

Here are the most common food items exported from Nigeria in 2025:

  1. Sesame Seeds:
    These are one of Nigeria’s top agricultural exports. Used in oil production and bakery products, sesame seeds are highly demanded in Japan, Turkey, China, and the Middle East.

  2. Ginger:
    Nigeria produces some of the world’s most pungent ginger. It is exported in dried or powdered form and used in the food, pharmaceutical, and beverage industries. Major buyers include India, the U.S., and the UK.

  3. Hibiscus Flower (Zobo):
    Popularly called “zobo” in Nigeria, hibiscus flower is exported to Mexico, Germany, and other European countries where it’s used to make tea, natural beverages, and cosmetics.

  4. Dried Pepper and Chili:
    These are staple items exported to Europe, the U.S., and Canada for both general consumers and the Nigerian diaspora. They are often sun-dried and packaged in sealed bags.

  5. Cashew Nuts:
    Nigeria exports raw and semi-processed cashew nuts to countries like India and Vietnam. The nuts are used in food processing, snacks, and dairy alternatives.

  6. Cocoa Beans and Cocoa Butter:
    These are exported mainly to the Netherlands, Germany, and Belgium for use in chocolate and confectionery production.

  7. Palm Oil and Palm Kernel Oil:
    Although not as dominant as it once was, palm oil is still exported from Nigeria, especially to West African countries and parts of Asia.

  8. Yam Flour, Garri, Beans Flour:
    These processed Nigerian staples are exported to Europe and America to serve the Nigerian and African communities abroad.

  9. Smoked Fish and Crayfish:
    Properly packaged and preserved smoked catfish and crayfish are exported to North America and Europe.

All food items exported from Nigeria must meet NAFDAC and quarantine requirements. Packaging must be airtight, hygienic, and clearly labeled. With the right certifications, exporting food from Nigeria is not only legal but also very profitable in 2025.

How do you start exporting?

Starting an export business in Nigeria in 2025 is easier than ever due to increased digital access and government support. Here’s a step-by-step guide to get you started:

  1. Choose a Product to Export:
    Begin by selecting a product with international demand. Common items include agricultural goods (ginger, sesame, cashew), processed food, or solid minerals.

  2. Register Your Business with CAC:
    This is a legal requirement. Visit the CAC website and register as a business name or limited liability company.

  3. Obtain a Tax Identification Number (TIN):
    This is essential for opening a business account and for all financial records. You can get it from the FIRS or online.

  4. Open a Corporate Bank Account:
    You’ll use this account to receive payments and access the Form NXP for export documentation.

  5. Register with the NEPC:
    Apply for a Certificate of Export Registration on www.nepc.gov.ng. This is mandatory before you can export any item legally.

  6. Source Your Products:
    Build relationships with farmers, cooperatives, or local suppliers. Ensure that the goods meet quality standards and international expectations.

  7. Packaging and Quality Control:
    Products must be cleaned, graded, dried, and packaged according to international standards. Invest in labeling, vacuum sealing, and proper documentation.

  8. Get Necessary Certifications:
    For food items, you may need NAFDAC, SONCAP, or quarantine certificates. For agricultural goods, get a phytosanitary certificate from NAQS.

  9. Secure Foreign Buyers:
    Use platforms like Alibaba, Tradekey, ExportHub, or even LinkedIn to connect with buyers. You can also work with export brokers or attend trade fairs.

  10. Process Form NXP Through Your Bank:
    This is an export declaration form required by the Central Bank of Nigeria and the Nigerian Customs before shipping goods.

  11. Work with Freight Forwarders:
    Choose a reliable logistics or shipping company and clear your goods through customs.

Exporting from Nigeria is profitable, and with less than ₦1 million, you can start small, test the market, and gradually grow your business globally.

What are Nigeria’s top 3 exports?

As of 2025, Nigeria’s top 3 exports are crude oil, liquefied natural gas (LNG), and agricultural commodities, particularly sesame seeds. These products collectively generate billions of dollars in foreign exchange annually.

  1. Crude Oil:
    Nigeria’s economy is still largely dependent on oil. Crude petroleum accounts for over 70% of the country’s export revenue. Major buyers include India, the Netherlands, Spain, and China. Despite diversification efforts, crude oil remains the backbone of Nigeria’s exports.

  2. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG):
    Nigeria is one of the top exporters of LNG in the world, ranking just behind Qatar and Australia. LNG is exported mainly to Europe and Asia, and demand has increased since 2022 due to global energy shifts and the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

  3. Sesame Seeds:
    Among agricultural exports, sesame seeds stand out. In 2024 alone, Nigeria exported over $1.5 billion worth of sesame. It’s widely used in oil production, snacks, and bakery products, and Nigeria’s biggest buyers are Japan, China, and Turkey.

Other notable exports include:

  • Cocoa and cocoa products (to Europe and America)

  • Cashew nuts (to India and Vietnam)

  • Ginger (to India and Saudi Arabia)

  • Solid minerals like zinc, lead, and lithium

While oil dominates revenue, the government’s “Zero Oil” initiative aims to make agricultural and solid mineral exports more prominent over the next decade.

In summary, Nigeria’s top 3 exports in 2025 remain:

  1. Crude Oil

  2. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

  3. Sesame Seeds (Agriculture)

These sectors hold the highest value in terms of income generation and foreign exchange.

Which country is no 1 in export?

As of 2025, China remains the number one country in the world for exports. According to the latest global trade data, China consistently leads international trade rankings in terms of the total value of goods exported annually.

Here are some key reasons China holds this position:

  1. Massive Manufacturing Capacity:
    China is often referred to as the “world’s factory” due to its vast industrial infrastructure. The country produces and exports electronics, machinery, clothing, toys, and numerous consumer products at an unmatched scale.

  2. Low Production Costs:
    China offers competitive prices thanks to large-scale production, technological advancement, and relatively low labor costs. This makes its products highly attractive to global importers.

  3. Advanced Export Logistics:
    China has one of the most sophisticated logistics networks in the world, with modern ports, railways, and air cargo hubs that support high-volume exports to virtually every continent.

  4. Strong Government Support for Exports:
    The Chinese government provides exporters with subsidies, tax breaks, and incentives, and actively negotiates favorable trade agreements to ensure market access.

  5. Diversified Export Markets:
    China exports to countries across Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America. Its top trade partners include the United States, the European Union, ASEAN nations, and countries in Africa.

  6. Technology and Electronics Dominance:
    China leads the world in exports of smartphones, computers, batteries, solar panels, and other electronics. Tech brands like Huawei, Xiaomi, and Lenovo dominate international markets.

In 2024, China’s total export value exceeded $3.6 trillion, maintaining its lead over other major exporters like the United States, Germany, and Japan.

Although countries like India, Vietnam, and Mexico are growing rapidly in global exports, none have yet overtaken China’s dominance.

In summary, China is the number one exporting country in the world in 2025, due to its manufacturing scale, trade infrastructure, and global market integration.

Which company is best for export?

There isn’t a single “best” company for export globally or in Nigeria—it depends on your product, market, and goals. However, in Nigeria, some companies and platforms stand out in 2025 for helping exporters thrive. Here are the top options across different categories:

  1. Best Logistics/Shipping Export Companies:

    • Maersk Nigeria: One of the largest shipping lines globally, Maersk is reliable for container exports, especially bulk shipments.

    • DHL Global Forwarding Nigeria: Offers air and sea freight solutions for small- and medium-sized exporters, particularly for foodstuffs and perishables.

    • Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC): Handles large-scale exports of agricultural and industrial products.

  2. Export Facilitators/Trade Platforms:

    • NEPC (Nigerian Export Promotion Council): Though not a company, NEPC is a key enabler, providing licenses, training, and access to international markets through trade fairs and exhibitions.

    • NEXIM Bank (Nigeria Export-Import Bank): Offers export financing and insurance services.

    • Export From Nigeria (exportfromnigeria.com.ng): A private consultancy that helps beginners with documentation, product sourcing, and market entry.

  3. Best B2B Platforms to Find Buyers:

    • Alibaba.com: Ideal for exporters of sesame, ginger, hibiscus, and cashew nuts looking to reach Asian and European markets.

    • ExportHub & Tradekey: These platforms connect Nigerian exporters to thousands of verified global buyers.

  4. Top Nigerian Exporters (Large-Scale):

    • Olam Nigeria Limited: Major exporter of cashew, sesame, and cocoa.

    • Starlink Global and Ideal Limited: Known for large-scale exports of agricultural commodities.

    • Tropical General Investments (TGI) Group: Handles multiple exports from Nigeria to global markets.

In conclusion, the best company for export depends on your needs. For small exporters, start with NEPC, use Maersk or DHL for shipping, and list products on Alibaba or ExportHub to reach global buyers.

What is the highest export product in Nigeria?

The highest export product in Nigeria as of 2025 is crude oil. It has remained the country’s top revenue-generating export for decades, despite various government efforts to diversify into agriculture and solid minerals.

Here’s why crude oil leads:

  1. Contribution to Export Revenue:
    Crude oil contributes over 70% of Nigeria’s total export earnings and over 50% of the national budget income, according to data from the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).

  2. Global Demand:
    Major global importers like India, Spain, China, and the Netherlands rely on Nigerian oil to meet energy demands. Nigeria’s Bonny Light crude is particularly valued for its low sulfur content.

  3. High Volume of Production:
    Nigeria produces over 1.4 million barrels per day as of mid-2025. This consistent production ensures large-scale export capability.

  4. Established Infrastructure:
    Nigeria has well-developed pipelines, seaports, and export terminals for crude oil—especially in the Niger Delta region.

  5. Government Partnerships:
    Nigeria exports oil primarily through joint ventures with international companies like Shell, Chevron, TotalEnergies, and ExxonMobil.

While agriculture is catching up—products like sesame seeds, ginger, and cocoa are growing in export value—none have yet surpassed crude oil in dollar terms.

Other High-Earning Export Products:

  • Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

  • Sesame seeds

  • Cashew nuts

  • Cocoa beans

In summary, crude oil remains Nigeria’s highest export product in 2025, both in volume and in monetary value. However, rising exports in agriculture show strong future potential for diversification.

What is the top export item?

The top export item from Nigeria is still crude petroleum (crude oil) in 2025. Despite strong non-oil export growth, crude oil remains Nigeria’s most valuable export commodity, accounting for the largest share of foreign exchange earnings.

Here are the reasons why:

  1. Export Volume:
    Nigeria produces about 1.4 million barrels of crude oil daily. A large portion of this is exported through international trade agreements.

  2. Export Value:
    In 2024, crude oil alone generated over $40 billion in revenue, according to the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPCL).

  3. Major Buyers:
    Countries like India, Spain, China, the Netherlands, and Italy are Nigeria’s key crude oil customers.

  4. Global Relevance:
    Nigeria’s oil is known as “Bonny Light Crude,” a high-grade, low-sulfur variety that is especially suited for refining into gasoline and diesel. This makes it desirable on the global market.

  5. Government Dependence:
    Despite diversification talks, Nigeria still funds much of its budget through oil earnings. It also impacts the exchange rate and the country’s foreign reserves.

While crude oil leads, non-oil exports are growing fast:

  • Sesame seeds

  • Cashew nuts

  • Cocoa

  • Ginger

  • Solid minerals (e.g., lithium, lead, and zinc)

These products are gaining more attention due to government support, climate change effects on oil dependency, and the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) which encourages intra-African trade.

In short, as of 2025, the top export item in Nigeria is crude oil, but the momentum behind agricultural and solid mineral exports is building quickly.

What is Nigeria’s number 1 export?

As of 2025, crude oil remains Nigeria’s number one export product. Despite decades of discussions on economic diversification, oil continues to dominate the country’s export sector due to its high value and global demand.

Here’s a detailed breakdown of why crude oil holds the top spot:

  1. Contribution to Export Revenue:
    Crude oil accounts for approximately 70–75% of Nigeria’s total export earnings, according to the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics (NBS). This figure has slightly dropped in recent years due to the growth of agricultural exports, but oil remains firmly at the top.

  2. Volume of Export:
    Nigeria produces between 1.3 to 1.5 million barrels of oil daily as of 2025. A large portion of this oil is exported to countries like India, China, Spain, and the Netherlands.

  3. International Demand:
    Nigerian crude, particularly Bonny Light, is highly valued on the global market due to its low sulfur content and high-quality refining output.

  4. Well-Established Infrastructure:
    Nigeria has extensive export infrastructure for oil including pipelines, refineries, and export terminals in the Niger Delta region and along the coast.

  5. Government Reliance:
    Oil exports are the backbone of Nigeria’s economy. Revenue from crude oil funds most of the federal and state budgets, supports foreign reserves, and influences exchange rate stability.

  6. Challenges:
    Although crude oil is the number one export, the sector faces challenges such as pipeline vandalism, oil theft, and global shifts toward renewable energy. Still, its dominance remains unchallenged in 2025.

Other Growing Exports:

  • Sesame seeds

  • Cashew nuts

  • Cocoa beans

  • LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)

In conclusion, crude oil is still Nigeria’s number one export in 2025. However, the non-oil export sector is gaining ground due to strategic government policies and rising global demand for agricultural products.

What are the 5 major exports?

Nigeria’s top five exports in 2025 reflect a mix of energy products and agricultural commodities, with crude oil still leading the list. Here’s a breakdown of the five major exports from Nigeria by value and volume:

  1. Crude Oil:
    Crude oil remains Nigeria’s largest export product. It contributes the highest percentage of total export earnings. Major destinations include India, the Netherlands, and China.

  2. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG):
    Nigeria is one of Africa’s largest producers of LNG. The product is exported primarily to Europe and Asia. The Nigeria LNG company in Bonny Island plays a key role in this sector.

  3. Sesame Seeds:
    Sesame is the most valuable non-oil agricultural export. Nigeria is one of the top five producers in the world, exporting largely to Japan, China, and Turkey.

  4. Cashew Nuts:
    Nigeria has increased the processing and export of raw and roasted cashew nuts. The main export markets are India and Vietnam. Cashew farming is booming in states like Kogi and Oyo.

  5. Cocoa Beans:
    Cocoa remains one of Nigeria’s oldest exports. Though production has declined compared to Ghana or Ivory Coast, Nigeria still exports high-quality cocoa to Europe, especially to chocolate manufacturers.

Bonus Mentions:

  • Ginger: Gaining attention for its health benefits and export potential.

  • Zinc, Tin, and Lithium: Solid minerals are emerging as major non-oil export contributors.

  • Urea Fertilizer: Driven by Dangote’s massive production capacity.

These five major exports demonstrate that Nigeria’s economy, while still dependent on oil, is steadily diversifying into agriculture and minerals. This shift is vital for future economic stability, especially as the world transitions away from fossil fuels.

What is the most profitable export?

The most profitable export for Nigeria in 2025 is crude oil, due to its high international demand, value per unit, and significant margins for government and private stakeholders.

However, in terms of return on investment (ROI) for small and medium-scale exporters, agricultural commodities like sesame seeds, ginger, and cashew nuts have become increasingly profitable.

Let’s look at both perspectives:

  1. Crude Oil (Large Scale Profitability):

    • High global prices: As of mid-2025, oil prices hover around $85–$90 per barrel.

    • Government control: Oil profits mostly go to the government or large multinational companies like Shell, Total, and NNPC Ltd.

    • Infrastructure advantage: Oil export systems are already well developed, making large-scale profit easier.

  2. Sesame Seeds (High ROI for SMEs):

    • Low production cost: Grows well in Northern Nigeria with minimal inputs.

    • High demand: Japan, China, and Europe are major buyers.

    • Price: Export prices for raw sesame seeds can reach $1,400–$1,600 per ton.

    • Ease of processing: Doesn’t require heavy machinery.

  3. Cashew Nuts and Ginger:

    • Cashew: Returns up to ₦500,000 per ton in profits after costs.

    • Ginger: Nigeria is one of the top three global exporters. Both fresh and dried forms are profitable.

  4. Urea Fertilizer:

    • Exported primarily to Brazil and India, this has become profitable due to Dangote’s petrochemical ventures.

In Summary:

  • For governments and oil giants, crude oil remains the most profitable export.

  • For individuals and SMEs, agricultural products like sesame, cashew, and ginger offer higher ROI and less capital-intensive entry into export markets.

What can I export from Nigeria to Ireland?

There are several high-demand Nigerian products you can legally and profitably export to Ireland in 2025. As a growing market for ethnic food, wellness products, and natural ingredients, Ireland offers a good opportunity for Nigerian exporters, especially in the agricultural and food sectors.

Here are some of the best products to export from Nigeria to Ireland:

  1. Ginger
    Nigeria produces some of the world’s most potent ginger. Irish consumers, who are health-conscious, often demand organic and spicy ginger for teas, food products, and natural remedies. Both dried split ginger and powdered forms are highly exportable.

  2. Dried Catfish and Stockfish
    Nigerians and other African immigrants in Ireland crave local delicacies. Dried seafood like catfish, stockfish, and crayfish sell very fast in African food stores across Dublin and other Irish cities.

  3. Palm Oil (in proper packaging)
    Although some restrictions apply, palm oil that is well-packaged, properly labeled, and meets European food safety standards is allowed. Ensure you comply with Ireland’s food import regulations.

  4. Garri, Yam Flour, and Poundo Yam
    These staple foods are popular among the Nigerian diaspora. Exporting them in branded, sealed, and FDA-compliant packaging can fetch good profits.

  5. Hibiscus Flower (Zobo)
    Hibiscus is a hot product in Europe due to its use in tea, cosmetics, and beverages. Ireland imports dried hibiscus for its natural properties, and Nigerian hibiscus is already known for its quality.

  6. Cashew Nuts and Sesame Seeds
    Though more technical to export, these products have wide industrial and food uses in Europe. Ireland, like other EU countries, accepts them if you meet sanitary and phytosanitary standards.

  7. Shea Butter
    Natural shea butter, especially the unrefined type, is widely used in skincare and cosmetics. It’s in demand by local producers in Ireland who make natural beauty products.

Tips for Success:

  • Ensure you register with the NEPC (Nigerian Export Promotion Council).

  • Partner with logistics companies familiar with EU food import regulations.

  • Use clean, food-grade, and moisture-proof packaging.

  • Label products properly with ingredient list, origin, and expiry date.

What are examples of export goods?

In 2025, Nigeria exports a wide range of goods to international markets, cutting across oil and gas, agriculture, solid minerals, and processed food products. Below are practical examples of export goods from Nigeria, grouped by category:

1. Agricultural Products:

  • Sesame Seeds – exported to Japan, Turkey, and China.

  • Cashew Nuts – popular in India and Vietnam.

  • Ginger – used in teas, spices, and pharmaceuticals across Europe.

  • Cocoa Beans – mainly exported to Germany, the Netherlands, and Belgium.

  • Hibiscus Flowers (Zobo) – sold to Mexico, USA, and parts of Europe.

  • Palm Kernel Shells – used as biofuel in Asia and Europe.

  • Yam Tubers – mainly exported to the US and UK for the African diaspora.

2. Processed and Packaged Foods:

  • Dried Catfish and Crayfish – exported to African and Caribbean stores abroad.

  • Garri, Yam Flour, Egusi, and Ogbono – sent to countries with high Nigerian immigrant populations like the US, Canada, and the UK.

  • Shea Butter – used in cosmetics and exported to Europe.

3. Oil and Gas:

  • Crude Oil – the largest export by value, mainly to India, China, and Europe.

  • Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) – exported by NLNG to various parts of the world.

  • Petroleum Products – although less frequent, diesel and aviation fuel are sometimes exported when refineries function.

4. Solid Minerals:

  • Zinc Ore and Lead Ore – exported to China and other industrial economies.

  • Lithium – emerging as a strategic export due to its importance in battery production.

  • Tin and Columbite – Nigeria has growing potential in these areas.

5. Industrial Goods and Others:

  • Urea Fertilizer – Dangote’s plant exports urea to Brazil and India.

  • Charcoal – used in barbecues and steel processing in Europe and the Middle East.

  • Textiles and Leather – increasingly making their way to niche fashion markets.

These goods represent the rich diversity of Nigeria’s export portfolio. With proper documentation, product certification, and logistics, entrepreneurs can tap into these booming global markets.

What is the most exported item?

As of 2025, crude oil remains the most exported item from Nigeria, both in terms of volume and revenue. It is the backbone of the Nigerian economy and accounts for over 80% of the country’s total export earnings.

Crude Oil and Petroleum Products:
Nigeria is a major oil producer and a member of OPEC. The country exports millions of barrels per day to countries like India, China, the Netherlands, and the United States. The Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPC Ltd.) and international oil companies dominate this sector.

Aside from crude oil, other petroleum-based products exported include:

  • Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

  • Gasoline and diesel (in smaller volumes)

  • Condensates and lubricants

However, in the last few years, there’s a shift in attention due to volatility in oil prices and environmental policies. This has led to growth in the non-oil export sector.

Fast-Growing Non-Oil Export Items:

  1. Sesame Seeds – Nigeria is one of the world’s largest producers, and sesame is widely exported to China, Turkey, and Japan.

  2. Cashew Nuts – Exported raw or semi-processed to Vietnam and India.

  3. Cocoa Beans – A long-standing export product with buyers in Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands.

  4. Ginger and Hibiscus – Increasing demand from Europe and North America.

  5. Urea Fertilizer – With the Dangote plant in operation, Nigeria now exports significant amounts of urea to Brazil, India, and others.

Why Crude Oil Still Tops the List:

  • High global demand

  • Massive reserves in the Niger Delta

  • Large-scale infrastructure and investment

While agriculture and solid minerals are catching up, oil continues to dominate due to its high unit value and Nigeria’s production capacity.

If you’re venturing into exports, consider non-oil items which are easier to handle for small businesses and attract government incentives through the NEPC (Nigerian Export Promotion Council).

How to export goods from Nigeria to other countries?

Exporting goods from Nigeria involves several steps, documentation, and compliance with both Nigerian and destination country regulations. Here’s a detailed guide on how to export goods successfully in 2025:

1. Register Your Business:
Start by registering your company with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC). You’ll need a corporate bank account and Tax Identification Number (TIN).

2. Register with NEPC:
Every exporter must register with the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC). You’ll receive a unique exporter’s certificate, which is mandatory for processing your export through customs.

3. Choose a Product:
Decide what to export. Go for high-demand products like:

  • Agro products (ginger, sesame, hibiscus)

  • Seafood (dried fish, crayfish)

  • Processed food (garri, yam flour)

  • Industrial goods (charcoal, urea)

4. Source Your Product:
Build relationships with reliable local suppliers or farmers. Ensure products meet international quality standards, especially for food and agricultural items.

5. Get the Necessary Documentation:
Important export documents include:

  • Proforma invoice

  • Packing list

  • NEPC export certificate

  • NAFDAC certification (for food and drugs)

  • Phytosanitary certificate (for agro products)

  • Certificate of origin (from your local Chamber of Commerce)

  • Bill of lading and shipping documents

6. Use a Freight Forwarder:
A reliable freight forwarder can help with shipping logistics, port clearance, and customs declarations.

7. Customs Clearance and Inspection:
Your goods will be inspected by customs and other regulatory agencies like SON (Standards Organization of Nigeria). Pay the Export Processing Fee (0.5%) and secure a Clean Certificate of Inspection (CCI).

8. Shipment and Tracking:
Once cleared, your goods will be shipped via sea or air. Use platforms like Nairametrics Export Desk or Trade.gov.ng for updates on export markets and documentation.

Pro Tip: Partner with international buyers through B2B platforms like Alibaba, ExportHub, or direct importers in target countries.

Exporting can be profitable with the right setup and compliance strategy. Always stay updated with NEPC and Nigerian Customs guidelines.

What is the most exported item?

As of 2025, crude oil remains the most exported item from Nigeria, both in terms of volume and revenue. It is the backbone of the Nigerian economy and accounts for over 80% of the country’s total export earnings.

Crude Oil and Petroleum Products:
Nigeria is a major oil producer and a member of OPEC. The country exports millions of barrels per day to countries like India, China, the Netherlands, and the United States. The Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPC Ltd.) and international oil companies dominate this sector.

Aside from crude oil, other petroleum-based products exported include:

  • Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

  • Gasoline and diesel (in smaller volumes)

  • Condensates and lubricants

However, in the last few years, there’s a shift in attention due to volatility in oil prices and environmental policies. This has led to growth in the non-oil export sector.

Fast-Growing Non-Oil Export Items:

  1. Sesame Seeds – Nigeria is one of the world’s largest producers, and sesame is widely exported to China, Turkey, and Japan.

  2. Cashew Nuts – Exported raw or semi-processed to Vietnam and India.

  3. Cocoa Beans – A long-standing export product with buyers in Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands.

  4. Ginger and Hibiscus – Increasing demand from Europe and North America.

  5. Urea Fertilizer – With the Dangote plant in operation, Nigeria now exports significant amounts of urea to Brazil, India, and others.

Why Crude Oil Still Tops the List:

  • High global demand

  • Massive reserves in the Niger Delta

  • Large-scale infrastructure and investment

While agriculture and solid minerals are catching up, oil continues to dominate due to its high unit value and Nigeria’s production capacity.

If you’re venturing into exports, consider non-oil items which are easier to handle for small businesses and attract government incentives through the NEPC (Nigerian Export Promotion Council).

How to export goods from Nigeria to other countries?

Exporting goods from Nigeria involves several steps, documentation, and compliance with both Nigerian and destination country regulations. Here’s a detailed guide on how to export goods successfully in 2025:

1. Register Your Business:
Start by registering your company with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC). You’ll need a corporate bank account and Tax Identification Number (TIN).

2. Register with NEPC:
Every exporter must register with the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC). You’ll receive a unique exporter’s certificate, which is mandatory for processing your export through customs.

3. Choose a Product:
Decide what to export. Go for high-demand products like:

  • Agro products (ginger, sesame, hibiscus)

  • Seafood (dried fish, crayfish)

  • Processed food (garri, yam flour)

  • Industrial goods (charcoal, urea)

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4. Source Your Product:
Build relationships with reliable local suppliers or farmers. Ensure products meet international quality standards, especially for food and agricultural items.

5. Get the Necessary Documentation:
Important export documents include:

  • Proforma invoice

  • Packing list

  • NEPC export certificate

  • NAFDAC certification (for food and drugs)

  • Phytosanitary certificate (for agro products)

  • Certificate of origin (from your local Chamber of Commerce)

  • Bill of lading and shipping documents

6. Use a Freight Forwarder:
A reliable freight forwarder can help with shipping logistics, port clearance, and customs declarations.

7. Customs Clearance and Inspection:
Your goods will be inspected by customs and other regulatory agencies like SON (Standards Organization of Nigeria). Pay the Export Processing Fee (0.5%) and secure a Clean Certificate of Inspection (CCI).

8. Shipment and Tracking:
Once cleared, your goods will be shipped via sea or air. Use platforms like Nairametrics Export Desk or Trade.gov.ng for updates on export markets and documentation.

Pro Tip: Partner with international buyers through B2B platforms like Alibaba, ExportHub, or direct importers in target countries.

Exporting can be profitable with the right setup and compliance strategy. Always stay updated with NEPC and Nigerian Customs guidelines.

What food items are sold fast in Nigeria?

Nigeria has a large and diverse population with strong demand for staple food items. Certain foods consistently sell quickly across rural and urban areas due to daily consumption, affordability, and ease of access. As of 2025, these are some of the fastest-selling food items in Nigeria:

  1. Rice
    Rice is a household essential in Nigeria and remains the most consumed staple. From jollof rice to white rice served with stew, its popularity spans every region. Whether locally produced or imported, rice sells out quickly in markets, shops, and supermarkets.

  2. Garri (Cassava flakes)
    Garri is another highly demanded food item. It’s consumed either as a meal (eba) or soaked with water as a snack. Due to its long shelf life and low cost, garri moves fast in markets and stores.

  3. Beans
    Nigerian households depend heavily on beans for various meals like moi moi, akara, and beans porridge. The high protein value and variety of cooking styles make it one of the most purchased food products.

  4. Bread
    Bread, especially the popular “Agege bread,” is a fast-selling item in both rural and urban areas. It’s a go-to option for breakfast and snacks, and bakeries sell out daily due to constant demand.

  5. Instant noodles
    Indomie and other noodle brands enjoy massive patronage among students, workers, and families. They are quick to prepare, affordable, and widely available, making them one of the fastest-selling processed foods in Nigeria.

  6. Tomatoes and tomato paste
    Whether fresh tomatoes or packaged pastes like Gino and Tasty Tom, these products are used in almost every Nigerian dish, from soups to stews, which makes them sell rapidly in markets.

  7. Palm oil and groundnut oil
    Cooking oils are essentials in Nigerian kitchens. Palm oil, in particular, is widely used in soups and local dishes, while groundnut oil is common for frying and general cooking.

  8. Onions and peppers
    These are essential seasoning ingredients used daily in homes and eateries. Their constant use in local dishes guarantees high turnover in both retail and wholesale markets.

  9. Groundnuts and snacks
    Groundnuts (peanuts), chin-chin, puff-puff, and plantain chips are common snacks sold on the streets and in shops. They are convenient and sell quickly due to their affordability and popularity.

In summary, any entrepreneur looking to sell fast-moving food items in Nigeria should consider these staples, especially if aiming for volume-based profit.

How to package foodstuffs for export?

Packaging food items for export from Nigeria involves more than just sealing products—it requires compliance with international standards, proper labeling, and preservation to ensure the items arrive in good condition. Here’s how to go about it effectively in 2025:

  1. Understand target market requirements
    Every country has its food safety and packaging standards. Before packaging, research the destination country’s import regulations, including packaging material standards, expiry date rules, and labeling formats.

  2. Use safe, food-grade materials
    Make sure packaging materials are safe for food storage. Vacuum-sealed bags, laminated pouches, plastic jars, and cartons made for food export are ideal. These materials help protect products from moisture, insects, and spoilage.

  3. Proper sealing and preservation
    Sealing must be airtight, especially for dry items like crayfish, garri, ginger, and dried pepper. Oxygen absorbers or silica gel packets may also be used to extend shelf life. For fresh items, temperature-controlled packaging might be needed.

  4. Labeling
    Each package should carry a clear and correct label including:

    • Product name

    • Ingredients

    • Country of origin

    • Net weight

    • Production and expiration dates

    • Exporter’s name and contact

    • Batch or lot number
      For European or North American markets, nutritional information may also be required.

  5. Add required documents
    Attach important certifications such as:

    • Phytosanitary certificate (for agricultural items)

    • NAFDAC registration (for processed food)

    • Certificate of Origin

    • SON product certificate if applicable

  6. Secondary/bulk packaging
    For larger shipments, group small packages into strong boxes or crates. Label bulk packages with clear markings and use waterproof packaging if shipping by sea.

  7. Inspection and quality control
    Ensure the food items are inspected by authorized bodies before shipping. A clean and hygienic packaging process boosts your credibility with international buyers.

  8. Work with export logistics experts
    Use a reliable freight forwarding or export agency that understands food export requirements. They can help you navigate customs, shipping, and destination country protocols.

By following these guidelines, your food products will not only arrive safely but also meet international standards that improve customer trust and market reach.

Which company is best for import and export in Nigeria?

Nigeria has several reputable companies and organizations that offer services related to import and export. The best choice depends on your type of product, scale of business, and target markets. Here are some of the top organizations to consider in 2025:

  1. Nigeria Export Promotion Council (NEPC)
    This is a government agency, not a private company, but it’s the official body responsible for promoting non-oil exports. NEPC helps new exporters register, offers training, and provides support for finding foreign markets.

  2. NEXIM Bank (Nigerian Export-Import Bank)
    NEXIM offers financial support to exporters and importers. They help businesses secure funding, insurance, and credit facilities for international trade. If you’re looking to scale or need capital to fulfill orders, NEXIM is a good partner.

  3. Maersk Nigeria
    Maersk is one of the leading global shipping companies with a strong presence in Nigeria. They are reliable for sea freight and container shipments. If you’re exporting bulk agricultural products or industrial goods, Maersk can handle logistics efficiently.

  4. DHL Global Forwarding Nigeria
    DHL handles international freight forwarding and offers air, sea, and land logistics solutions. They’re suitable for small and medium exporters, especially those shipping processed foods or light-weight products.

  5. Export From Nigeria (Private consultancy)
    This is a Nigerian-owned export advisory firm that helps small businesses with export documentation, buyer sourcing, and product registration. They offer step-by-step guidance for new exporters.

  6. Starlink Global & Ideal Ltd.
    Known for large-scale exports, especially agricultural goods like cashew, ginger, and sesame seeds. They offer supply chain services, packaging, and international shipping.

  7. Olam Nigeria
    Olam is a multinational agribusiness company operating in Nigeria. They are a major player in exporting commodities such as cocoa, rice, sesame, and cashew.

  8. Alibaba and ExportHub
    Though not Nigerian, these platforms help connect Nigerian exporters with international buyers. Many small and medium Nigerian exporters use these sites to list and sell their products abroad.

When choosing an import/export company, consider the product type, destination country, volume, and whether you need logistics support, documentation help, or financing.

In 2025, Portugal is widely regarded as one of the easiest European countries for Nigerians to migrate to. Several factors make Portugal attractive:

  • Affordable Cost of Living: Compared to Western Europe’s major hubs, Portugal offers a lower cost of living, including housing and daily expenses, making it easier for newcomers to settle.

  • Flexible Visa Options: Portugal’s D7 visa is designed for individuals with a stable passive income or remote work, allowing them to live in the country without immediate employment. The Golden Visa program also provides residency in exchange for investment, which appeals to business-minded migrants.

  • Welcoming Immigration Policies: Portugal offers clearer pathways from temporary residency to permanent residency and citizenship, with relatively shorter residency requirements compared to other EU countries.

  • Language: While Portuguese is the official language, many communities, universities, and workplaces operate in English or offer language support, easing integration.

  • Quality of Life: Portugal boasts good healthcare, safety, and education, adding to its appeal.

Other European countries considered somewhat accessible for Nigerians include Spain, Greece, and Malta, each with its visa programs and migration advantages. However, Portugal’s combination of affordability, visa options, and residency pathways consistently ranks it highly for Nigerian migrants.

What is the largest exported product from Nigeria?

As of 2025, crude petroleum remains Nigeria’s largest and most valuable export. The oil sector accounts for about 60-65% of the country’s export revenue and is a major driver of the national economy.

Nigeria possesses one of the largest proven oil reserves in Africa, and crude oil exports primarily go to countries in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Despite ongoing diversification efforts to reduce dependence on oil, the sector still dominates foreign exchange earnings.

Besides crude oil, Nigeria also exports petroleum products, natural gas, cocoa, rubber, sesame seeds, and agricultural produce, but none match the scale and value of crude petroleum exports.

What can I export from Nigeria to Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia’s market presents opportunities for several Nigerian products:

  • Hibiscus Flowers: Popular for beverages and traditional remedies.

  • Sesame Seeds: Used extensively in food processing and oil extraction.

  • Gum Arabic: Valuable in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics industries.

  • Spices: Ginger, chili peppers, and other spices cater to Saudi Arabia’s diverse culinary needs.

  • Herbal Teas: Increasing demand for natural and health-focused products creates a niche for Nigerian herbal teas.

To succeed in exporting to Saudi Arabia, compliance with Saudi food and agricultural import regulations is essential, including health certifications and quality assurance.

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